Who founded the first permanent English colony in 1607?

The first permanent English colony in 1607 was established in Jamestown, Virginia, primarily under the leadership of Captain John Smith. His role was crucial in the colony's early survival; he implemented strict discipline and encouraged trade with local Native American tribes. John Smith's leadership during the initial years helped the settlers adapt and establish their foothold in the New World, which marked a significant moment in early American history.

While Sir Walter Raleigh played an important role in early colonization efforts, such as the attempted establishment of the Roanoke Colony, he was not responsible for the permanent settlement of Jamestown. Roger Williams is known for founding Rhode Island and advocating for the separation of church and state in the 1630s, and William Penn founded Pennsylvania in 1681 as a haven for Quakers and other religious minorities.