Which term refers to the powers explicitly listed in the Constitution?

The term that refers to the powers explicitly listed in the Constitution is "enumerated powers." These powers are clearly detailed in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution, which outlines the specific authorities granted to Congress. Examples include the power to levy taxes, regulate commerce, and declare war, among others. By being explicitly mentioned, these powers are clearly defined, allowing for a structured understanding of the federal government's authority.

"Delegated powers" is a term that is often used interchangeably with "enumerated powers" but typically refers broadly to powers assigned or given to the federal government by the Constitution. However, "enumerated powers" specifies that these are the powers directly written in the text.

"Implied powers" refer to those powers that are not specifically stated but are assumed to exist in order to carry out the enumerated powers. They are derived from the Necessary and Proper Clause, which allows for additional powers that support the function of enumerated powers.

"Concurrent powers" are those that are shared by both the federal and state governments, such as the power to tax or to build roads. These powers are neither specifically listed in the Constitution nor exclusive to one level of government.

Thus, "enumerated powers" is the most