Which of the following best defines empirical probability?

Empirical probability is defined as the actual ratio of outcomes based on experimentation or observed data. This concept arises from collecting data through trials or experiments and determining the probability of an event occurring based on actual occurrences rather than theoretical models or assumptions. Essentially, empirical probability provides a practical measure that reflects the real-world frequency of events, making it a critical concept in statistics and probability theory.

For instance, if you flip a coin 100 times and it lands on heads 55 times, the empirical probability of landing on heads is 55 out of 100, or 0.55. This approach highlights the importance of conducting experiments and collecting data rather than relying solely on calculated predictions or subjective interpretations, which are characteristic of other options.