Which mechanism ensures that each branch of the government can check the powers of the other branches?

The mechanism that ensures that each branch of government can check the powers of the other branches is Checks and Balances. This system is designed to prevent any one branch from gaining too much power, thereby maintaining a balance of power between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

For example, the legislative branch has the power to create laws, but the executive branch can veto those laws. Conversely, the judicial branch can interpret laws and rule them unconstitutional, effectively checking the powers of both the legislative and executive branches. This interdependence encourages collaboration and accountability among the branches, ensuring that the rights of citizens are protected and that no single entity can dominate the governance of the country.

In contrast, Separation of Powers defines the distinct responsibilities and powers of each branch, serving as the framework for the overall government structure rather than the mechanism for oversight. Judicial Review, while important for interpreting the constitutionality of laws, is a specific power related to the judiciary rather than a comprehensive system for balancing power among all branches. Constitutional Amendments refer to the process of making changes to the Constitution itself, which does not inherently provide the mechanism for daily checks and balances that the government operates under.