Which landmark case established judicial review as a power of the Supreme Court?

The landmark case that established judicial review as a power of the Supreme Court is Marbury v. Madison. This 1803 case was significant because it asserted the court's power to declare laws unconstitutional, thereby reinforcing the system of checks and balances among the branches of government. The ruling articulated the principle that it is the duty of the judiciary to ensure that no law is enacted that contradicts the Constitution. This foundational concept is crucial for maintaining the rule of law and upholding citizens' rights against potential governmental overreach. The decision in Marbury v. Madison set a precedent that has been integral to the functioning of the American legal system ever since, allowing the Supreme Court to interpret the Constitution and shape the nation’s laws through judicial review.