Which explorer charted the Gulf Coast and claimed Texas for Spain?

The correct answer is Alonso Alvarez de Pineda, who played a significant role in the exploration and mapping of the Gulf Coast during the early 16th century. In 1519, he became the first known European to chart the coastline of Texas, providing valuable information about the geography and potential for colonization. His exploration established Spain's claims to the Texas territory based on his mapping efforts. This accomplishment was crucial in the context of European exploration and competition for control over new lands in the Americas.

On the other hand, Hernando de Soto is primarily known for his explorations of the southeastern United States, but he did not chart the Gulf Coast specifically or claim Texas for Spain. Rene-Robert de la Salle is associated with claiming parts of North America for France and exploring the Mississippi River region. Sir Walter Raleigh was focused on English colonization efforts in the Americas, particularly in Virginia and North Carolina, and did not venture into Texas or the Gulf Coast under Spanish claims.