Which concept refers to the division of Earth's surface into systematic regions based on latitude and climate?

The concept that refers to the division of Earth's surface into systematic regions based on latitude and climate is geography. Geography encompasses the study of places and the relationships between people and their environments. It includes various subfields, one of which is physical geography, focusing on the natural environment and how it is influenced by geographic factors such as latitude and climate.

Understanding geography is fundamental in recognizing how climate zones are related to latitude, as different regions experience distinct climate conditions based on their position relative to the equator and poles. This systematic categorization significantly helps in understanding human activities, ecological systems, and global patterns of life.

While cartography pertains to the creation of maps, and climatology focuses specifically on climate and its variations, geography serves as the broader framework that includes these elements and more. Topography deals with the physical features of the Earth's surface, such as mountains and valleys, rather than the organization of regions based on climate and latitude.