Which amendment prohibited denying individuals the right to vote based on race?

The 15th Amendment is the correct choice as it explicitly prohibits the denial or abridgment of the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Ratified in 1870, this amendment aimed to ensure that African American men, who had been denied the right to vote prior to this amendment, would have equal access to voting in the United States.

The other amendments listed, while significant in their own rights, address different aspects of civil rights. The 14th Amendment primarily focuses on citizenship rights and equal protection under the law, the 13th Amendment abolished slavery, and the 19th Amendment granted women the right to vote. Each of these amendments contributes to the broader context of rights and liberties, but the 15th specifically targets voting rights in relation to racial discrimination.