Which amendment addresses the requirement of a grand jury?

The correct answer is the 5th Amendment, which specifically addresses the requirement of a grand jury. The 5th Amendment of the United States Constitution includes a provision stating that no person shall be held to answer for a capital or infamous crime unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury. This guarantees that serious criminal charges will be reviewed and approved by a group of citizens before a trial can proceed, thus providing a level of protection against unfair prosecution. The grand jury serves as a check on the government's power, ensuring that there is enough evidence to warrant a formal charging process.

In contrast, the other amendments mentioned do not pertain to the grand jury. The 6th Amendment focuses on the rights of individuals in criminal prosecutions, including the right to a fair and speedy trial, as well as the right to counsel. The 7th Amendment relates to civil cases and guarantees the right to a jury trial in certain civil matters. Lastly, the 8th Amendment addresses issues concerning excessive bail, fines, and cruel and unusual punishments, which are unrelated to the grand jury requirement.