What is the study of landforms and the relationships between geological structures and surface features called?

The study of landforms and the relationships between geological structures and surface features is known as geomorphology. This field focuses on understanding how processes such as erosion, weathering, and sedimentation shape the Earth's surface, leading to the formation of various landforms like mountains, valleys, rivers, and plains. Geomorphologists analyze the history and development of landforms, making it essential for understanding both current landscapes and the geological processes that have influenced them over time.

In contrast, the other fields mentioned focus on different aspects of the Earth and its systems. For example, geophysics examines the physical properties and processes of the Earth, often using mathematical models and physical measurements. Geology, while related, concentrates more broadly on the study of the Earth's solid materials, including rocks and the history of the planet, rather than specifically on surface landforms. Geography, on the other hand, encompasses the study of places and the relationships between people and their environments, but does not specialize exclusively in landform analysis. Thus, geomorphology is the most accurate term for the specific study of landforms in relation to geological structures.