What is the purpose of map projections?

The purpose of map projections is primarily to represent the earth's curvatures on a flat surface. Since the Earth is a three-dimensional sphere, transforming its surface into a two-dimensional map introduces challenges. Map projections are methods used to depict geographical features by translating the curves and depths of the planet onto flat surfaces, allowing for easier comprehension, navigation, and analysis of spatial relationships. Different types of projections can emphasize various attributes, such as area, shape, distance, or direction, making them essential tools for cartographers, geographers, and anyone who relies on maps for navigation or understanding geography.

Other options, while related to geography and mapping, do not accurately reflect the fundamental purpose of map projections. For instance, creating 3D models of Earth involves different techniques and tools than map projections. Depicting geological features is a narrower focus than what map projections accomplish, and while navigational tools do utilize map projections, that is just one of their many applications, not their exclusive purpose.