What feature of government allows states to address local issues?

Federalism is the correct answer because it is the system of government that divides power between a central authority and smaller political units, such as states. This structure allows states to enact their own laws and policies to address specific local issues that may not be effectively managed at the national level.

Within a federal system, states retain the authority to regulate areas such as education, transportation, and public safety, which can differ significantly based on regional needs and cultural differences. This decentralized approach enables local governments to be more responsive to the unique challenges and requirements of their communities.

Other features mentioned, such as separation of powers, judicial review, and checks and balances, primarily relate to the internal organization and functioning of government at various levels, rather than the distribution of power between national and state governments. Therefore, federalism is particularly pertinent when discussing how states have the capacity to tackle local issues effectively.