What describes the division of power between central and local governments?

The correct answer, federalism, refers to a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and various regional or local governments. This division allows for a balance of power, meaning that both levels of government can make decisions and create laws that are relevant to their specific jurisdictions. Federalism enables local governments to address regional issues, while the central government handles matters of national significance.

In a federal system, constitutionally designated powers define the responsibilities and authority of both the national and state or local governments, promoting both autonomy and cooperation. This system encourages diverse solutions tailored to local needs while maintaining a unified national policy on certain core issues.

In contrast, oligarchy, autocracy, and republicanism represent different governance structures. Oligarchy is characterized by control by a small group of people, typically the elite, rather than a division of power. Autocracy denotes a system where one individual holds significant power, making decisions without consent from subordinates. Republicanism, meanwhile, refers to a political system in which the government is elected by the citizens but does not specifically address the division of powers between central and local governments.