In logical reasoning, what is drawing a conclusion based only on specific instances called?

The process of drawing a conclusion based only on specific instances is known as inductive reasoning. This approach involves observing particular examples or instances and then forming a general statement or conclusion based on those observations.

Inductive reasoning is often used when making predictions or generalizations where there is no certainty that the conclusion is universally applicable, as it's based on the pattern observed in the specific cases. For example, if someone observes that the sun has risen in the east every day, they might conclude inductively that it will rise in the east tomorrow as well. This is a hallmark of inductive reasoning, where conclusions may extend beyond the specific examples to broader generalizations.

In contrast, deductive reasoning starts with a general statement and works towards specific conclusions, while faulty causation involves incorrect assumptions about cause and effect. The bandwagon effect refers to adopting beliefs or behaviors because many others are doing so, which does not pertain to logical reasoning in the same manner as inductive reasoning does.